Why hydrogen?
What is hydrogen?
What is the history of hydrogen use?
What energy properties does hydrogen have?
What is the use of hydrogen?
How is hydrogen produced?
How is hydrogen produced in the Czech Republic and what is the potential for the production of green hydrogen in our country?
What is water electrolysis?
Elektrolýza je proces, při kterém stejnosměrný elektrický proud štěpí chemickou vazbu mezi vodíkem a kyslíkem ve vodném roztoku.
2 H2O → 2 H2 + O2
What types of electrolysers do we have?
How much water is used in electrolysis?
To produce 1 kg of hydrogen and 8 kg of oxygen, 8.92 liters of demineralized water are needed, i.e., water free from all minerals present (even purer than distilled water).
What water can be used for electrolysis?
Hydrogen storage
How is it possible to store hydrogen?
Hydrogen applications in mobility
What are fuel cells?
How do fuel cells work in electric cars?
The fuel cell is similar in construction to batteries. In the fuel cell we find the anode, cathode and membrane with a catalyst. Hydrogen enters the system on the anode side and oxygen on the cathode side. Hydrogen is decomposed into an electron at the anode and an hydrogen proton, which is transported by the membrane to the cathode, reacts there with the oxygen present. The product is only distilled water and electricity, in addition, unused oxygen leaves the fuel cell.
How is a battery electric car different from a fuel cell one?
How is a hydrogen electric car refueled?
Refueling takes place at filling stations. The whole process is very similar to refueling traditional fossil fuels. After connecting the filling gun to the tank valve, you press the lever and the whole system will take care of the rest of the work. Filling the tanks takes 5 minutes and gives the car full capacity.
How many filling stations do we have in the Czech Republic?
How does a hydrogen electric car work in cold weather?
The advantage is the reliability of the whole system in cold weather. Compared to battery packs, fuel cells are not subject to degradation during cold weather.
Can't the wastewater in the hydrogen electric car system freeze?
Is battery electromobility a better transport solution than fuel cells?
It depends on who you ask and what type of transport we are talking about. However, hydrogen and batteries should be two complementary technologies that will complement each other. Why?
How heavy are hydrogen storage tanks in cars?
Couldn't hydrogen be liquefied and then refueled like standard petrol?
This solution is extremely energy inefficient. Liquid hydrogen needs to be maintained at -253 °C and if such conditions are not met, hydrogen will evaporate.
Is hydrogen safe?
All fuels contain a high concentration of energy and can therefore be dangerous under certain conditions. However, hydrogen can be considered as similarly safe or even safer than any other fuel. In addition to standard crash tests, hydrogen tanks are also tested to withstand firing from a sniper rifle. The tanks can withstand twice the pressure that will be achieved under standard conditions. Filling stations, which have a number of systems focusing on safety when working with high pressure, are similarly safe.
The advantage in the safety of the use of hydrogen is also its very low density, when hydrogen rises rapidly when the tank is punctured, therefore it does not accumulate near the accident. In the event of fire, a flame will be created, which will rise vertically upwards and the vehicle will not fire as it is in case of liquid fossil fuels.
Hydrogen economy
How much does it cost to produce 1 kg of hydrogen?
The price depends mainly on the method of production. In addition, for the production of green hydrogen, it is necessary to take into account the different price in different parts of the world, depending on how much it costs to produce electricity from renewable energy sources. According to the International Energy Agency, the price of hydrogen production is as follows:
Steam reforming of natural gas $ 1–3.5/kg
Coal gasification $ 1.2–2.2/kg
Water electrolysis $ 3–7.5/kg
How much does 1 kg of hydrogen cost at filling stations?
For the end user, the price of hydrogen per kg is currently set at 9.5 euros in Germany (where most filling stations are located). Converted to kilometers and with an average consumption of 1 kg per 100 km, 1 km in a hydrogen electric car will cost you ~ 0,094 EUR.
How will the price reduction be achieved in the next 10 years?
The hydrogen economy will not be sufficiently developed without the help of state subsidies. In order to reduce the price, it is necessary to invest in production. In the coming years, support for low-emission and zero-emission (green hydrogen) will prevail in Europe, with the aim of building 40 GW electrolysers within the EU by 2030 and supporting the construction of another 40 GW electrolysers across borders to increase imports. In addition to increasing production capacity, the price of green hydrogen will also be reduced by technological progress and increasing the efficiency of the electrolysers themselves.